The aim of Micronuclear Physics is the achievement of low cost, high volume energy production through the application of an extremely highly efficient techology on a microscopic level.
The words atomic and nuclear have gained bad reputations because of the destructive nature of the atomic bomb and the failure of the nuclear reactor to deliver safe, clean energy. The goal of M.N.P. is to replace a bad technology based on misconception and misunderstanding, with a good technology based on truth.
The two failed products of the atomic age, the Bomb and the Reactor, are based on large scale out of control reactions of heavy, unstable radioactive elements.
M.N.P. deals with individual particles and precise energy flows.
To achieve a culture which is able to survive on a long term basis, it is necessary to expand our reach beyond our own planet to replenish our resources and ensure our safety. The order of magnitude of energy production to achieve this is far beyond anything we are currently capable of, including the atomic bomb and nuclear reactor.
The goal of M.N.P. is to deliver this.
A Quantum is defined as an indivisible unit of energy. Quantum Mechanics, that is, Quantum Physics, deals with energy as indivisible units.
Quantum Physics first came about as a way to explain the phenomenon of light. It has been a very controversial issue as to whether light is a particle or a wave. Light at first appears to be a wave because it has a frequency and acts like a wave in many different ways. But it also appears to be a particle, as it can obviously travel through the vacuum of space and waves normally have the need to travel through a substance like water or air.
Quantum physics deals with this by calling light particles "wave packets". What this means is that when a "particle" of light is created it is an indivisible bundle of wave energy called a "photon". Just as you cannot have 1.7 children in a family, you cannot have 1.7 photons. You have to have a whole number. However, like children, photons can contain just about any level of energy.
Photons are electromagnetic waves. They are part of the broad spectrum of frequencies which starts with radio waves on the low end, up through microwaves, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and cosmic rays on the high end. The higher the frequency, the more energy a photon has to give.
So photons are much more than just light. The thousands of radio waves broadcasting around the world, the ultraviolet rays that burn the skin, the x- rays used to photograph inside of objects, are all photons.
That a photon is an electromagnetic wave means that as it moves it is made of an electric field and a magnetic field. These fields are what hold its energy, and that is what photons do, is hold energy as it is transferred from one place to another. In fact, all forms of energy transfer occur through the movement of photons! Photons are energy, and energy is photons.
For example, when a radio wave contacts a radio antenna it creates a small electric current in the metal. This energy is picked up and amplified by the circuitry to an audible level of sound. When light strikes a solar panel, a chemical reaction takes place and electricity is generated.
Actually, it was Einstein who "invented" the photon, when in 1905 he put forward the idea of "particles" of energy.
In 1926 two physicists, Louis De Broglie and Erwin Schrodinger, introduced the actual equations of Quantum Wave Mechanics into the world. Their theories extended Einsteins concept of subatomic particles as dual particle-wave phenomena (photon "wave-packets") and advanced a new model for the atom. In their new theory they explained and mathematically defined a basis for the consideration of electrons as energy waves rather than as solid particles.
This theory ran into trouble, however, because there was difficulty in pinning down some of the equations, and it was asked to explain the medium through which the electron waves were travelling. This question was never answered. Instead, a theory of cause and probability was advanced by Max Born. Rather than explaining what was actually going on, he proposed that the location of an electron in its cloud could not ever be exactly known, only predicted by the probability of its proximity to that location in space. In fact, Max said that the wave nature of electrons was not real, that it was just the probability factor that made them look that way.
This was a bit obscure, to say the least. In fact, Einstein was not content with this, and neither am I because since that time the Quantum Wave model of the atom has not been easily understood and Quantum Mechanics has advanced little beyond where it was in 1926.
Had the wave theories been widely accepted and followed as a matter of course I believe that science would be much farther advanced than today. However, these were dealt a death blow in 1927 by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. This was not really dangerous in itself but its interpretation has brought nuclear physics to a grinding halt for the last sixty years.
Back in 1927 physicists were working to confirm or deny the theories of quantum physics by examining these particles up close to see just what they were up to.
More specifically, there was trouble in examining these electrons. It seemed they could not know both the position and momentum of these "particles" at the same time, because in measuring them either their position or momentum had to be altered. After all, they are very small and easy to disturb.
The principle states only that you cannot know both these things at the same time, for if you measure the position the momentum is changed, and vice versa. This is not only true, it is also very harmless. But what was done with this is quite deadly. It solidified and proved Max Born's probability theories.
Suddenly, physicists were looking upon the electron orbits as "clouds of probability". You could not know where electrons were at any given time, there was only a "probability that they would be at any one place in the vicinity of the atom, and this area of "probability" became known as the electron cloud.
Quantum physics was based on the premise an electron was an energy wave, not a particle at all but a standing EM* wave around the nucleus. Not only this, but the nucleons themselves were also considered to possibly be standing EM waves themselves. Now we are told that it is a particle of probability, a point of chance that could never be observed.
Even now all calculations done in quantum physics are based on probability, and nothing is too certain. The science is virtually dead because of this, because nothing can be known for certain little is understood and little knowledge has been gained since this principle was advanced. Even Richard Feynman, leading authority in the field, stated that we could not ever really know what we were dealing with here.
So for the past sixty years, physicists have been working to discover more about subatomic particles in order to discover more about atomic particles.
But there is a contradiction here. Quantum physics is the most advanced and accepted theory of the atom, and it supposes that atomic particles are actually EM waves. What's this stuff about particles all of a sudden?
Einstein's answer was this: "Quantum Mechanics is very impressive but I am convinced that God does not play dice."
What should have happened in 1928 then was this:
* The Heisenberg Principle is recognized as being scientifically correct, but not a barrier to further discovery.
* Quantum probability fields are acknowledged as being methods of prediction, but not the last word on electronic structure.
* Physicists continue to postulate atomic phenomena as the result of wave functions and nothing else.
It is my proposition that today the sciences of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are in a totally disabled state and have been for over sixty years.
Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity is actual fact is a body of data whose original purpose was to very accurately explain the wave nature of light. This has been proven correct, but the same data has been so badly misapplied in it's popular form that what is currently viewed as "Relativity Theory" by most can be proven false, in my opinion, in sixty seconds or less.
The General Theory does not even apply to reality closely enough to be confirmed or denied at this time and in that way it is worthless. Today's theories of gravity and the evolution of the universe are so overly complex that they are of no help whatsoever.
The current theory of atomic physics, having evolved since about 1900 AD, presents a model of the atom initially conceived by Rutherford and Marsden and modified by Bohr in 1911. This atomic model shows a mostly empty structure containing protons and neutrons as small solid particles in a nucleus orbited by electrons, also small solid particles.
This basic model has since evolved through the work of many scientists over the past 70 years to include a wide range of atomic and subatomic particles explaining various phenomena of forces and interactions between the nucleons and orbiting electrons and between the subatomic particles themselves.
But there is another story, little known amongst the general public, because it is filled with ideas which are thought to be very difficult to understand. To the informed physicist, it was only up until 1924 that the atom had been viewed much as it is today by classical physics, with a positively charged nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons. Yet for most this is the state of the art.
But it isn't really.
Around the turn of the century James Clerk Maxwell came up with the idea that light is a wave phenomenon and equations to explain its behavior. These were revolutionary and an important contribution to science, but they did not explain everything as the idea assumed that light could transfer energy as a continuous flow, and this was not what was occurring.
It was Albert Einstein that solved the mystery. He put forward the idea that the behavior of light was also a particle phenomenon and postulated the existence of photons. These were particles of light energy that transferred energy in finite quanta, and this was the beginning of quantum mechanics.
Einstein also came up with the theory of relativity, whose original purpose was to explain the mechanics of the existence of a photon in space without having to have an "ethereal" medium of transmission. (Later, this explanation of an energy phenomenon was mistakenly extended to explain the motion of actual matter near the speed of light.)
This led to the development of Quantum mechanics which changed the scientists view of the atom from a matter phenomenon to an energy phenomenon. But because this was not clearly understood, the consequences in turn have not even begun to be realized. This is why the old model of the atom persists and the Quantum view of the atom is left to graduate students and physicists.
But seriously, it is not that difficult!